Abstract

This research talks about the Babylonian families of the Jews and touched on the emergence of the great countries in the Middle East and in the Rafidain region in particular, so the research began to study the emergence of the Babylonian Empire and the origin of the population in it, then touched on the emergence of the Assyrian Empire in northern Iraq and the relationship of the two countries and competition in controlling the trade methods that Passes between Iraq, the Levant and Egypt Then the research dealt with the State of the Children of Israel and its division after the Prophet Solomon into two kingdoms, the first in the north is the Kingdom of Israel and the second in the south is the Kingdom of Judah. On the kingdom of the south and extending its influence over the kingdom, and then the kingdom betrayed twice to the Babylonians by allying with the pharaohs in Egypt against Babylon, and the reasons for King Nebuchadnezzar destroying the temple and taking the Jews as captives to Babylon. Then the research dealt with the State of the Children of Israel and its division after the Prophet Solomon into two kingdoms, the first in the north is the Kingdom of Israel and the second in the south is the Kingdom of Judah. On the kingdom of the south and extending its influence over the kingdom, and then the kingdom betrayed twice to the Babylonians by allying with the pharaohs in Egypt against Babylon, and the reasons for King Nebuchadnezzar destroying the temple and taking the Jews as captives to Babylon. Cyrus the king of Iran occupied Babylon, destroyed the Babylonian Empire, returned the Jews to Jerusalem, and helped them in building the Temple of Solomon.

Keywords: Rafidain region, Babylonian exile, Iraq History, Mesopotamia region