Intellectual developments (Intellectual origin and consequences) of mainstreams and existing trends of the Zaydis in Yemen from 4th – 10th / 12th – 18th centuries

Zaidiyyah is one of the most important sects of Shiite religion in the Muslim world.After the establishment of Zaidi’s rule in the late third century of the Hijri by Hadi Ela-al-Haq in Yemen, Zaidi’s religion expanded on the basis of his intellectual foundations and his successors in the area, but after a while the floods were flooded from within it. This dissertation is an analytical paper on Yemen’s Zaydi intellectual trends and trends since the beginning of their development until the end of the twelfth century.       This research attempts indeed to analyze the intellectual developments of the Zaydi denomination within the three frameworks of Muṭarrafiyyah trend, Ḥusayniyyah and the Salafi inclination of the Zaydi denomination, and to elucidate the intellectual nature, emergence grounds and consequences of the above trends.For this reason taking the above trends into account and applying the descriptive-analytical method, the discussions of this writing are presented in four chapters. This work, while pointing briefly to the geographical, social, religious and religious situation in Yemen, has devoted a chapter to the current Yemeni political movement. The advent of Muṭarrafiyyah in the fifth century AH along with naturalistic explanations in worldview led to the verbal controversy between them. Their different approach to imamate and its issues, as well as their egalitarian thought plan, were regarded as an intellectual rebellion against the Zaydi Yemen and Zaydi Imams, and were therefore suppressed on charges of apostasy. The rise of Muṭarrafiyyah as a religious and social reformer brought about political, social and cultural consequences.      Another season is dedicated to the Ḥusayniyyah cult. This sect was formed on the basis of the hapless thoughts of Hussein ibn Qassim Ayani and promoted by his successors for political reasons between Yemen’s Zaydi. The formation of this cult with the dominant nature of the immeasurable orientation of Hussein ibn Qasim and his dignity, in addition to the cultural implications, provided grounds for the emergence of some of the prevalent claims in subsequent periods. The last chapter refers to Zaydi, who is inclined to Sunni or Salafi. This process, which formed the basis for religious reformation and the confrontation of the intellectual approach of the Mu’tazilite intellectuals, and the opposition to the word and opinion among Zaidi, with the slogan referring to the tradition, gradually began to affect the influence of some of its scholars from the Salafis’ The Salafi flow turned into a critical and extravagant view of the beliefs of other Muslims. The critique of Zaidi’s intellectual heritage, the emergence of social and political controversies, and the creation of the intellectual development of some Zaidians in the subject of Imamate, are the fruits of the emergence of this movement.