The Extension of the Theory of Fitrah in the Intellectual School of Allameh Tabatabai

The Verse of Surah Ar-Rum and a hadith quoted by Prophet Muhammad “Every child is born on instinct” are two witnesses of the Holy Quran and tradition on the correctness of the theory of nature. From the first centuries, scholars expanded this issue, made a rational and religious explanation, and evolved scientifically. The discovery of the relationship between nature and monotheism (with the assumption that God’s existence exists and the need to prove it) and the discovery of its relationship with the principles of religion have led to the completion of this theory. Allameh Tabatabai’s systematic efforts and raising questions about the knowledge of the nature of religion led to the achievement of this worthwhile achievement. Among these achievements are the functions of the theory in three areas of Islamic theology, sociology and epistemology. After him, his students theorized about this theory of positive and critical issues. Among the positive ones are Motahari, Javadi Amoli, Mesbah Yazdi and Sobhani. The conceptual nature of nature, the types of modes, the ways of proving the theory and its epistemological functions in various topics are debates in which Motahari has solved epistemic problems based on this theory. Javadi Amoli, with the study of the origin of nature, the dimension of immortality or its teaching, infallibility, the factors of the prosperity of nature and its purpose, has focused the discussion on theoretical analysis of the theory itself rather than its functions. Doubtfulness of man, negation of human intrigue and similar issues are apparent in Sobhani’s view. Sobhani did not add much to the previous votes. He does not regard religion as an independent, but its popularity due to the innate nature of values. Mesbah Yazdi considers the role of nature in the discussions of the new philosophy. He considers the root of all instincts in the nature of nature, and, by studying the nature of nature, has given it different kinds, such as self-sustaining nature, unconscious nature, man and woman, and contradictory nature. And from those who somehow have denied or criticized this theory, Ebrahimi Dinani and Yasrabi can be called. Ebrahimi Dinani, who believes that “nature” is the interpretation of the Quran of thought and reason. He considers one of the contaminants of nature as uncontrolled communications. Yasserbi considers belief in nature as a kind of misconstrued Western thought and states that intellectual wisdom does not need an opponent or help. He believes that reason is so powerful and powerful that neither one is able to be opponent nor capable of expressing his meaning and needs help.