Historical Evolution of Mysticism in Guilan from the Safavid to the Qajar Era

The expansion and continuation of religious, mystical, political and social schools of Shiism in the area of ​​Gil and Deylam, which is one of the oldest and most important areas, helps us to draw the historical evolution of the emergence of mysticism and Sufism and the formation of current intellectual of Sufis and Sufi sects in Guilan area, in the era of Safavid and Qajar rule and the attitude of scholars and jurists against Sufism mysticism and Sufism, in this period we understand the pathology and analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of this presence. In this study and research, we came to conclusions that we can explore an important current. First, the original mystics, sages, and comprehensive Sufis (personalities such as Sheikh Baha’I, Mir Damad, Mulla Sadra. Abdul Razzaq Lahiji, Feyz Kashani, who had fought on both fronts with both cortical scholars

and Sufi ignorance), and second, the apparent Sufis (Sects in Sufi dress) who used their influence to achieve political and sectarian goals. Third, the opponents and deniers of Sufism (cortical scholars and political rulers), a group of apparent scholars who pretended to be orthodox, looked at mystics and Sufis with a rivalry. From the beginning, contrast and confrontation of religious

scholars and Faqihs hence between religious and shari’at, they waged a public struggle in rejecting and denying the beliefs of mystics and Sufis, due to their influence and authority in the court, with the help of the Safavid rulers; and they wrote refutation to confront Sofia.