The role of government in protecting environmental pollution A comparative study between Iraqi and Lebanese law

 In this study, we examined the role of government in protecting environmental pollution, which is a comparative study between Iraqi law and Lebanese law, so that in the texts of the Iraqi and Lebanese constitutions, legal texts and criminal penalties and criminal laws and There are laws to protect and improve the environment from the dangers of pollution, and in addition to the environment with people and the right way to live with them, because of the many wars that have taken place in Iraq and the widespread environmental pollution inside Iraq. We are witnessing this happening, and according to this article, which was passed 44 years ago, we are witnessing that the Iraqi legislator in the Iraqi Law on Protection and Improvement of the Environment No. 27 of 2009, the severity of the dangers of attacks on the environment and the need to intensify Has passed penalties and their multiplication in case of repeated violations of the law. Lebanon Law No. 444 on Environmental Protection and the Law on Environmental Protection, approved by the Administrative and Justice Committee, state that Lebanon’s production resources have been severely damaged, which increased further during the war. It has continued and this has continued until it has been related to the violation of the principles of life and the destruction of nature, and the manifestations of this violation can be changed the face of a number of mountains as a result of excessive investment of mines and crushers and cutting down trees and construction. Irregular buildings and the destruction of large areas of the Lebanese coast, and other cases of encroachment on the environment that are mentioned, and therefore Article 58 states that: Any person who has done so from one month to one year He will be imprisoned and will pay a financial compensation of fifteen million to two hundred million Lebanese liras, or one of these two punishments, and anyone who does a project that needs to be studied and the environmental impact will be shared without This research has been pre-conducted or approved by the Ministry of Environment. Secondly, if the violation is repeated, the punishment will be doubled, and here we see that the penal laws of Iraq and Lebanon are similar in many ways. Article 7 of the Iraqi Law on Environmental Protection and Improvement No. 27 of 2009 states that: First, a parliament and an organization shall be established in each province under the name of the parliament or the Environmental Protection and Improvement Organization, which is chaired by the governor, and this The organization should specify the relevant matters and the report of its work and duties, and its members should be appointed according to the instructions issued by the chairman of the council. In fact, the above-mentioned parliament does not exist in the above-mentioned article because this salinity has been abolished and does not have a positive effect on the protection and improvement of the environment. Article 444 of the Lebanese Law on Environmental Protection states in its basic principles and general provisions that: This law provides a general legal framework for the implementation of the national environmental protection policy with the aim of preventing and curbing all forms of destruction, pollution and damage. It also performs environmental benefits and, in addition, creates sustainable use of natural resources and creates a proper, peaceful and sustainable ecological framework. We have mentioned these rules in our research and made a comparison between Lebanese law and Iraqi law in these cases, which is after reviewing the generalities of the research and the theoretical framework, and we have written our dissertation in two chapters, in the first chapter In the second chapter, we examined the legal system of environmental pollution and in the second chapter, we examined the role of the government in environmental crimes.