The Role of the Central Government in the Management of Natural Resources A Comparative Study of the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq in 2005 and Switzerland in 1999

The federal system is one of the best political systems used to govern government affairs, especially in large countries with different political, social and economic conditions, as a practical tool between surrendering to scattered reality and idealism. Placed. Full integration and all-round unity, due to the embodiment of sovereignty and joint rule. Autonomy through the constitutional distribution of power in a region between two states, one national and the other local, so that neither central governments nor regional units. The constituents of the federation are subordinate to each other, in the sense that each of them has constitutional powers. Hence the problem of researching the role of the central government in the management of natural resources in the constitution of the Republic of Iraq in 2005 and Switzerland for 1999? To answer this question, since the constitutional legislator in regulating the issue of central government competence in natural resource management, based on the political and legal encyclopedias that were crystallized before and during the drafting of the constitution, in finding a balanced relationship between the center and the regions in The issue of natural resources, since this is one of the issues to be addressed, is integrated legislation that strengthens the principle of participation in governance and guarantees the rights of the people as a whole. In particular, the interests of the regions regarding the importance of the issue, as the issue of the role of the central government in the management of natural resources was selected as a comparative study between the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq in 2005 and Switzerland for 1999 to be considered. Research. Iraqis have been eagerly awaiting the re-establishment of their government, especially since Iraq became a federation in 2005, when its current constitution was adopted by a popular referendum.