(The role of governments in taking possible precautions in the face of cyber attacks at the level of national and international law (Iraq, Russia and America)

The tremendous advancement of electronics that we face today has created new threats in the international community. Among these threats are cyber attacks, which have increased in all aspects of life with the development of the Internet and its ease of use. Governments can affect a part of people’s lives by attacking basic infrastructure. With all the destructive material and human effects, the precise features of a secure cyberspace play an important role in the activities of political and military officials around the world. In particular, cyber warfare or cyber attacks are included in military plans and governments are looking for ways to secure the cyberspace. Since this issue is not clear and transparent enough, this dissertation examines the concept of possible measures and cyber attacks and the degree of compliance with international humanitarian laws. It also examines the role of governments in dealing with these attacks. America’s cyber power is growing exponentially, and they could soon send cyber fighters for important missions to bolster their forces. This is evident from the increase in the cyber security equation in both the offensive and defensive sectors. On the other hand, the National Security Office is one of the most important and influential officials in the cyberspace, which is responsible for overseeing abroad. Russia also has a lot of electronic power, because electronic warfare is an integral part of their great strategy, and its effects are also visible. The Internet is likely to play a major role in Russia’s future strategic deterrence and to be used at all levels of conflict, from war to peace. But Iraq is one of the backward governments in the development and taking measures belonging to the cyberspace. This is due to domestic, regional and international challenges and threats, and due to the non liquet(lacunae in law) commensurate with the advancement of technology and security in the world, especially the lacunae in law related to cyber attacks, soft warfare and cybercrime, which this study investigates in a descriptive manner to study the phenomenon of cyber threats and its components and to describe the relationship between cyber attacks and traditional wars. One of the most important results of this dissertation is that cyber-attacks are a new concept that is not defined by any international agreement. Because it is difficult to define and distribute the responsibility of governments towards it