A comparative study on the status of women in the first and second Abbasid eras

Women enjoyed a great position in Islam, which was evidence of the strength of their personality. They were female participants who advocated for Islam since the dawn of its call. In the Abbasid era, women played an active role, especially in the difficult periods that the Abbasid Caliphate went through as a result of the young age of some caliphs and their weakness, which gave the ministers the opportunity to control them. Through this, the positive role of women in contributing to the development of women’s issues emerged. The research aims to reveal the conditions of women in the Abbasid era and their interference in the political aspects and their participation in the social, economic and cultural aspects (656-132 AH / 1258-750 AD), whether this intervention was negative or positive, which affected the state and its capabilities. Descriptive, in order to reach the desired historical facts from their original primary sources and analyze them. The study reached several results, the most important of which are: that the Abbasid woman enjoyed great influence and wide authority in all the stages that the Abbasid Caliphate went through, even in its weak periods, so she was keen to keep the caliphate in her children, such as: Mrs. Zubaida, Umm Al-Amin, and women also had a role and influence in interfering in the affairs of government Administration is like: bamboo or caliph al-Hadi, and sometimes women had a weak role, especially in the second Abbasid era, and the late Abbasid eras. The emergence of the authority of women of non-Arab origins and their interference in the affairs of governance and administration, and the best example of this is Umm Samsam, the Buyid state. A great role was played by the sisters who enjoyed wide power, defending the rights of their children in the state of the Seljuk era, such as: Mrs. Turkan Khatoon, which highlighted the nature of Turkish women in love with power. The study reached a set of recommendations, which is to present scientific studies on women in the Abbasid era, which needs more comprehensive and specialized studies to address the conditions of women during the Abbasid eras, especially the period of the Buyids and Seljuks, which did not receive individual studies.