Adapting Oversight into the Electoral Process A Comparative Study between the Republic of Iraq and the Islamic Republic of Iran

In fact, one of the most important components of a fair election is the existence of electoral oversight before, during and after its conduct, which is defined as the process of preparing and preparing before the elections, collecting information about the electoral process to detect any fraud or manipulation on the day of its holding, and monitoring, which is defined as the process of preparing and preparing before the elections and collecting information about the process It is the process of monitoring the integrity of the electoral process in its various stages, starting from the stage of updating the voter register, passing through the polling stage, and ending with the counting process with the aim of evaluating and submitting reports, It is a process practiced by some neutral persons or representatives of monitoring bodies to ascertain the extent to which the authority supervising the elections is committed to the election law, and to ascertain the extent of its compliance with international standards of election integrity. The Iraqi constitution of 2005 emphasized elections as the practical application of democracy and included Chapter One (Basic Principles), where Articles 1, 2 and 14 indicated that the presence of election oversight is a basic guarantee to ensure the integrity of the electoral process and its legal conduct away from violations, and it is of two types. Local monitoring carried out by a group of local observers and representatives of candidates, parties and entities participating in them, As well as representatives of civil society organizations, human rights and official institutions that work together on the principle of the independence of the work of observers, and that their work is limited only to monitoring all procedures to ensure the integrity of the elections.From this point of view came the necessity to study the adaptation of oversight in the electoral process to shed light on that oversight and know the extent of its feasibility. Therefore, we used the inductive analytical method and the comparative approach between Iraqi legislation and Iranian legislation, and we separated that oversight on the electoral process, and accordingly we divided the study into three chapters. The first chapter deals with concepts and faculties, and we presented in the second chapter the forms of monitoring of electoral propaganda, and we separated the discussion in the third chapter, the impact of monitoring on the electoral process on stability and development, then we concluded the thesis with several results that we reached during our studies and a number of recommendations that we hope to adopt.