Criminal Responsibility for the Crime of Electoral Bribery, a Comparative Study between Iraqi, Egyptian and Moroccan Law

Legislations in some democratic countries have taken care of protecting the will of the voters to proceed with the protection and integrity of the electoral process. Actions that affect the will of the voter have been criminalized in order to preserve the elected government centers from any possible defect or corruption that may affect the will of the voters and affect the integrity of the electoral process. Accordingly, the Iraqi and comparative legislators represented by the Egyptian and Moroccan legislation, which is the subject of our study, were keen to criminalize forms of electoral bribery and impose punishment on its perpetrators, which may result in a breach of the confidence of the people and the ruling authority. Or otherwise, just as it is not suitable to be a custodian of the interests of the people and the country, as bribery affects and disturbs justice and the balance of equality between candidates and is considered a deviation from the path of democracy. Our research in this study also dealt with the crime of electoral bribery and its general provisions in the Iraqi, Egyptian and Moroccan legislation. The researcher divided this study into three chapters, the first chapter, in which he talked about the concepts and faculties of the electoral bribery crime, and in the second chapter, which dealt with the characteristics and pillars of the electoral bribery crime and the consequent penalty, and in the third chapter it dealt with the procedural rules of the electoral bribery crime in Iraqi, Egyptian and Moroccan legislation. At the end of the study, the researcher reached a number of results and recommendations, the most prominent of which was that electoral crimes, although temporary crimes, are committed at different times, not only during the stages of the electoral process. And the right to vote, as the researcher suggested to legislate a unified electoral law for all elections that take place in Iraq, and that the legislation should include clear, clear and comprehensive texts for electoral crimes.