The scientific situation in Iraq during the Buyid and Seljuk era

The shift of political power in Iraq from the possession of the Arabs to the Buyids, then to the Seljuks, this shift affected the direction of scientific, cultural and intellectual activity, which prompted the Buyid and Seljuk rulers after them to establish dozens of schools, establish connections, build libraries, encourage scholars and bring them closer to the ruling authority. The princes and ministers followed suit at that time, which made Iraq wave a comprehensive cultural and intellectual movement, until the various schools, mosques, institutes and centers of science and education in Iraq became full of students of science and knowledge lovers from Iraq, and those coming to it from other countries, so the main research issue lies through The answer to the following question: What are the scientific conditions in Iraq during the Buyid and Seljuk eras? The study aimed to identify the concepts of the study, as well as to identify the origin of the Buyids and the Seljuks, and to identify the scientific movement in Iraq in the Buyihi era, and to identify the scientific movement in Iraq in the Seljuk era, and I used the historical scientific method based on the collection of sources and scientific references The study of this period, and the adoption of the scientific and analytical approach to information. As for the study, it was divided into three chapters. The first was entitled Concepts and Faculties. The second was entitled Scientific Movement in Iraq in the Buyid Era. In the third chapter, it was studied with the title of Scientific Movement in Iraq in the Seljuk Era, At the conclusion of the study, it was concluded that the scientific movement in the Buyid era enjoyed prosperity and splendor, witnessed by both near and far, and this is due to the scholars who excelled in science and its acquisition, and their finding solutions to the Buyid society in light of its bad conditions on the political and economic levels, so their books and writings were the biggest evidence of their responsibility And their eagerness to overcome difficulties, and the three sons of Buyah, Ali, Hassan and Ahmed, were able to establish the Buyid state, which was able to tighten its control over the Abbasid Caliphate, Bani Buyh was so strong that they were able to achieve victories in the regions and cities at the expense of political forces that had weight in the region, and that the Seljuk sultans were primitive and uneducated, and therefore they had to seek the assistance of qualified men to serve the state in various administrative, political and scientific affairs, and science was active in the Seljuk state Especially in light of the competition of sultans, princes, ministers, seniors and men of knowledge to build schools, institutes and ligaments, and as a result, the role of books spread widely in the Seljuk state, and it developed and became a hotbed for pioneers and seekers of knowledge from various Islamic countries.