Foundations and Principles of the Executive Authority and the Legislative Authority: A Critical Comparison Study between Iraq and Kuwait

The relationship between the legislative and executive authorities must be dominated by a kind of cooperation and flexible separation that achieves the autonomy and independence of each authority vis-à-vis the other. With the aim of achieving this integration between the executive and legislative authorities, constitutions and parliamentary norms established a system of integration between them by creating mechanisms for influence and oversight. Each authority has the means of influence that it owns and exerts towards the other authority. The first two principals are the dual executive. The second pillar is cooperation and mutual balance between the legislative and executive authorities. The duality of the executive power is represented in the President of the Republic and the Council of Ministers. Setting the state’s general budget, the executive authority plays in forming and electing the legislative authority, calling for parliament sessions, cooperating and partnering with it in the field of legislation by proposing bills, and regarding the application of a balance between the legislative authority and the authority The executive authority is manifested in the possession of each authority with an effective weapon in the face of the other authority. The legislative authority has the right to withdraw confidence from the executive authority represented by the ministers and the prime minister, and in return the executive authority has the right to dissolve parliament. Our research focused on the manifestations of the interference of each of the two authorities on the work of the other authority, and the statement of the competence of each authority, as well as the statement of the imbalance between the legislative and executive authorities and the application of this criticism in the state of Iraq and Kuwait.