Evolution of the Shiite Justice Theory in the Baghdad and Ray Schools Based on the Two Books of Al-Tamheed by Sheikh Tusi and Al-Munqiz Homsi

Theology, like other sciences, has evolved throughout its history and has reached us in its current form. Those who have studied the intellectual history of Muslims in the fourth, fifth and sixth centuries AH, have considered the most prominent feature of these centuries to be ideological and theological conflicts. One of the most controversial issues in this period has been the issue of divine justice. According to theological books, there are different differences in the history of Islam, and it is clear that justice has been dealt with from different perspectives. This is related to the historical position of the issue of divine justice and the disputes surrounding it. Of course, this does not mean that a group of Muslims did not believe in supreme justice and denied it. All Muslims, following the Book of God, preached divine justice, but there was a serious difference of opinion between them in expressing its nature and the power to discern justice in this regard. There was no difference between the goodness of justice and the badness of oppression among Muslim thinkers, the main difference being in the origin of these rulings. The main argument was that what God does is justice or that what God’s discretion is justice does. Shiite theologians, among others, were among the most active and prolific. The culmination of Shiite theology can be found in Baghdad. The last circle of this school is Sheikh Tusi, who, of course, mainly reflects the opinions of his teachers, especially Seyyed Morteza, in theological discussions. Another great Imami theological transformation took place in Rey, which is a continuation of the Baghdad school. The initiator of this transformation is Sadid al-Din Homsi Razi. This article compares the views and views of two great Shiite theologians, namely Sheikh Tusi in the book “Tahmid al-Asul fi Alam al-Kalam” and Sadid al-Din Homsi in the book “Al-Munqiz min al-Taqlid wa al-Murshid al-Tawhid” in the field of justice so that it can be one of the stages and dimensions of evolution. Demonstrate theology. By comparing the approaches of these two scholars in theological books, along with the works of other theological schools, we find that all three theological schools of thought in the Islamic world, namely the Imams, the Mu’tazilites, and the Ash’arites, have both opinions and opinions on some issues of justice. They are stories and in others they differ from one or both other schools. Shiite justice has both influenced and been influenced by the other two schools. But this does not mean that Shiite justice is born in the footsteps of another sect or relies on another sect. Rather, Shiite justice has maintained its independent identity and its general approach has never changed under the influence of another school.