Sociology of Religious Knowledge of jurisprudents in the era of Mashrouta

The present study pertains to the discussion of sociology of cognition or knowledge, especially in the sphere of religion. The question that how much human knowledge and awareness are self-propelled, logical and proof-provided or social, emerged from the structure and relations and based on reason is considered among the current sociological issues of cognition. Since knowledge includes in addition to independent systematic sciences, ideologies and religions or denominations, philosophies and ethics, the question ‘how much religious knowledge emerges from and is affected by social structure’ arises. The present study gives answer to these questions in two phases:

Sociological identifying of cognition and consideration of its relation with other proximate disciplines like social phenomenology; studying opinions of the scholars on this field about the relation between awareness and the society; and analyzing the viewpoints of knowledge sociologists about the emergence of awareness and cognition and their being affected by social facts. Studying the inclusion of theories about religious knowledge and beliefs in this scope. Are religious knowledge and doctrines affected by social conditions and environmental factors? To answer such a question, one can search through history of religious knowledge and consider the extent to which it is influenced or resists being influenced, in a sort of historical sociology method. The experimental method in the same level with sociology and social epistemology is the very historical-comparative and epistemological consideration here that is applied on the viewpoints of two jurisprudents living in the era of Mashrouta – the Persian constitutional revolution.