Combating Trafficking in Persons within the Framework of International Conventions, Islamic Law, and the Iraqi Constitution of 2005

 “Trafficking in human beings”, “human trafficking” and “modern slavery” are common terms often used interchangeably to refer to crimes committed by traffickers and exploited by force, through work by adults or children.. Human trafficking affects all countries of the world and divides them into countries of origin, countries of destination and countries of transit. Poverty is one of the main reasons people are vulnerable to trafficking. Human trafficking is the trafficking of persons for purposes related to forced labor, sexual slavery, and commercial sexual exploitation by traffickers and other profiteers. Human trafficking may include the forced marriage of women, the removal of organs and tissues, proxies, and the transfer of eggs. Human trafficking can take place in one country or spread to more than one country (transnational crime). There are a number of international charters, protocols and agreements to combat trafficking in human beings, such as the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Human Beings, Especially Women and Children, and the Protocol on Combating Migrant Trafficking through Land, sea, air, etc. This research showed that Iraq is one of the oldest Arab countries that has paid attention to the criminalization of all kinds of human trafficking crimes. When al-Baghdadi’s law was passed, the promise of its implementation in Iraq on 1/1/1919 clarified the criminalization of acts that are now considered crimes against human trafficking. According to the new constitution of the Republic of Iraq, which was issued in 2005, according to paragraph (3) of Article (37), the prohibition of forced labor, slavery and the slave trade, and the prohibition of trade in women and children and sex trafficking. the most important forms of human trafficking includes. Under Law No. 99 of 2012, the Republic of Iraq ratified the Arab Convention for the Suppression of Transnational Organized Crime. In the national action to fight human trafficking crimes, it relied on the cooperation of Arab and international countries, so it is clear that the Iraqi legislator has been and continues to be interested in fighting human trafficking crimes since the establishment of Iraq.