Social and political reasons for opposition and enmity with Amir al-Mu’minin Ali from the time of the Prophet to the end of the Umayyad period

One of the prominent figures of Islamic history  is  Imam Ali (p.b.u.h) whose existence and behavior  spiritually, politically and socially play important  role  in events and evolution of Islamic history during his life and after it.

The most important event in his political life, which has a great impact on the history of Islam, is the enmity of some followers and tribes  of Quraysh and immigrants (Mohajiran) towards Imam Ali within the mission of the prophet and political currents after the death of the Prophet led to the usurpation of his caliphate. This enmity had continued to the later periods, even period of Bani Abbas.

The study of social and political contexts and causes of opposition and enmity with Amir al-Mu’minin Ali (AS) ,who was the first one accepting the Islam and the most honor and the closest companion of the prophet,  from the Prophetic era until the end of the Umayyad period  have been important in historical evolutions, which is considered in this study . The reason and motivation of this research was the existence of some historical sources and analyses that gave the answer to this important question only to tribal prejudices, rivalry, jealousy, enmity and hatred and people’s anger. By finding the right answer on the  basis of a comprehensive study and following the principles of research for this important question, hidden and  unclear aspects of history , like other important historical researches especially the history of Islam, can be clarified and important patterns and lessons can be adopted for the future.

To achieve this purpose , the relevant news was selected and their contents were analyzed in two sections: social causes and political causes in accordance with the structure of study in these sciences. According to the importance of the historical subject in terms of the difference between relationships and history in Islamic religions, all important and sound historical cases related to the subject of the study were  comprehensively investigated on the basis of observing neutrality and the principles of study method for the first time. Finally , the obtained contents were summarized and analyzed and the main contexts in various aspects were identified and approaches were presented as a model to prevent or reduce the effects of similar cases on the future of Islamic history.