The Relationship Between Criminal Liability and Civil Liability of Government Employees in Iraqi and French Law

Civil and criminal responsibility has constituted one of the pillars of the legal and social system. Every sane person is responsible for his actions, which means that he has certain obligations towards others, the most important of which is not to harm him. Unlike these obligations, a promise to repair the damage and compensate the injured in general, liability is an obligation that ranges from moral or natural obligations to civil obligations, represented by economic interests, actions, or refusal to do a particular act. His own animals or as a result of his failure to perform a contractual obligation, it expresses this commitment to civil responsibility. The development of public administration over the years has led to the promotion of the development of public services to meet the needs of the beneficiaries of public utility services, and thus promoting the establishment of many public institutions and administrations for the latter. The study by removing the ambiguity of the relationship between civil crime and criminal crime and the close relationship between errors on the one hand and the mutual influence on the other hand, knowing the criminal responsibility and civil responsibility of each public employee and the penalty assessed for him as well. A number of results, the most important of which is the stability of Iraqi and French legislation, criminal responsibility differs from civil responsibility in terms of the objective and triggering the case, as well as the criminal responsibility adheres to the rule that there is no crime or punishment except by text, while this rule is not applied to civil responsibility. Following in the footsteps of the French legislator regarding Article 219 of the French Constitution Anon Civil Iraqi No. 40 of 1951 regarding the text on the responsibility of the subordinate for the actions of his subordinate in general without going into the details of the institutions and activities covered in this scope