The role of Ahl al-Bayt in rational dialogues with other (al-Rida, peace be upon him, as a model)

The science that is based on the existence of two different parties in opinion, point of view, and dialogue between them in order to reach a real result was known as debate. The expansion of war operations and conquests for Muslims became important and the process of defending the Islamic religion after this mixing necessitates the idea of writing down and learning the arts of debate in addition to fixed rules for the debaters. One of the most important official debates that Imam Reza (peace be upon him) took over was in the presence of the Catholics, Ras al-Jalut, the leaders of the Sabaeans, the Great Harbadh, the companions of Zoroaster, Nastas, and others. Among these debates, Imam al-Ridha (peace be upon him) showed his willingness to wait for the people of the book, each with his book, the heretics with their Persians, the people of the Romans with their Romans, and the authors of articles in their languages. The main objective of this research is to focus on the main points on which the debates and rational dialogues that took place between Imam Al-Reza (peace be upon him) and the followers of the other sects were based on, and the approach that Imam Al-Reza (peace be upon him) followed in persuading his opponents and proving his correct point of view. Most of the dialogues and discussions revolved around several ideas, including: the position of Imam al-Ridha (peace be upon him) towards the Prophet Jesus (pbuh) and his book and the extent of his approval of them and the author of the first Gospel as the Jews looked at the prophethood of Muhammad, may God bless him and his family in their Torahs, and his approach was known as the method of obligation, i.e. argument The adherents of other religions, according to what was mentioned in their books, and it is a methodology that only the rightly guided ones can follow. In this thesis, the descriptive and analytical approach was relied upon to show the dialogues that the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH) conducted with the people of other religions. Among the most important results we reached: 1) The original purpose of the debates of the imams (PBUH), is to reach the truth and follow a strong scientific approach without Any intolerance, violence or extremism. 2) There have been many hadiths that indicate the jurisprudence of Imam Al-Reza (PBUH) and his wide knowledge, which the authors and the opponents approved, and if there was no evidence for that other than his debates and arguments with the followers of other religions and sects, that would suffice. 3) The debate sessions and councils that al-Ma’mun was keen to hold and gather the great scholars of religions, sects and sects had no purpose other than to challenge the scholarly status of Imam al-Ridha (PBUH) and thwart him in front of his fans and supporters, and when none of these tricks succeeded, he had no choice but to get rid of him by Kill him with poison. 4) The thing that made the imams (Peace be upon him) in general and Imam Reza (peace be upon him) in particular, victorious in all his debates and dialogues, is his knowledge of all that is in the heavenly books that are attributed to the messengers despite their distortion and forgery. Where he refutes their statements and responds to their allegations with strong argument and conclusive evidence from the Qur’an.