The Role of Ignorant Nervousness in Political Incidents (From the First Century AH to the Caliphate of Marwan)

This research deals with the role of ignorance nervousness in political incidents from the first century AH to the Caliphate of Marwan, which was one of the characteristics of this era. Such as Kufa and Basra, and the method of planning those cities, and it was clear from the research that the distribution of tribes was done on a tribal basis, and that this distribution had contributed to the intensification of the pre-Islamic nervousness, and the research highlighted the various reasons that contributed to the emergence of fanaticism and its ignition in the Umayyad era and the manifestations of this fanaticism and its various forms And it became clear from the research that the nervousness in this era played a major role in appointing and isolating governors on the one hand, and in the succession of influence, which led to the weakness of cohesion and cohesion between the elements of society at the time, which is considered one of the reasons for their weakness and fall later, as the research highlighted the policy of the four caliphs The same applies to the Umayyads in governance and their stance on fanaticism, and it became clear that this policy was based on tribal interests, except for certain princes who were characterized by the general good of the nation, the first of whom was the Commander of the Faithful, Ali bin Abi Talib.

The importance of this research lies in its consideration of pre-Islamic fanaticism in political events in the era of the beginning of Islam to the Umayyad government, bearing in mind that strife was not the only influence on the political events and problems that occurred in these times. The original question was characterized by what is the role of pre-Islamic fanaticism in political events from the first century AH to the Caliphate of Marwan? As for the original hypothesis, it is that there are many causes for politics and political events that Islam experienced, on top of which is ignorance and its negative role in shaping political events in important times of Islam , especially from the first century AH to the rule of Marwan, which was full of many changes and conflicts at that time. The study concluded that nervousness is the result of the necessity of life in a tribal society, because there is no survival for the tribe without its fanaticism, and the tribal society was the dominant society at the time, whether in the desert or in urban centers, and the escalation of fanaticism in the pre-Islamic society satisfied the needs inherent in the spirit of the Arabs, and all An independent tribe in its pastures and waters, and each of them was forced to defend it, and he considered other groups as enemies, hence the narrowness of ignorance and it was in the tribe’s interest that their relations with others be determined by lineage, and for the sake of interest and living, it was better to ally with a tribe without its lineage instead of allying with a tribe It has a relationship and lineage with it, such as the Qatfan tribe, which preferred the alliance of Bani Asad over Bani Amer. In the research, the historical descriptive method was used in narrating information and events, as well as analyzing them in an analytical manner based on impartial foundations through which we can build a clear vision of the role of ignorant nervousness at the time.