The role of Imam Ali (as) in solving the social problems of Medina and Kufa (11-40 AH)

In this research, one of the important dimensions of the Islamic society, namely the social dimension, has been highlighted, and after previous researches have neglected this important dimension and addressed other dimensions (often political), we have focused on the most important social problems of the Islamic society.

In the present dissertation, we have dealt with social problems in the period between 11 and 40 AH, which include the period after the death of the Prophet (PBUH) and the beginning of the caliphate until the martyrdom of Imam Ali (AS) and the end of the Rashidun caliphate. These social problems emerged after the death of the Messenger of God as a result of the conquests and development of the Islamic realm during the Rashidun Caliphate and also as a result of the change in the structure of Islamic society. It is a social or moral dimension or family problems. We have explained the position of Imam Ali (AS) towards these problems, his role in solving problems according to the rules of the Holy Qur’an and the Prophetic tradition, as well as the inference of the Shari’a rule from the Qur’an and Sunnah. Judicially, we have used descriptive-analytical research method.

We have divided the present study into 4 chapters; The first chapter deals with generalities and some concepts that may be ambiguous for the reader, and the researcher explains these concepts lexically and idiomatically, and gives a brief description of the two important cities in which events and problems occurred (namely Mecca and Medina) and also We have mentioned a brief excerpt about Imam Ali and his style and general method of solving social problems. We have also referred to the sources of legislation from which the rulings of religion were inferred. In the second chapter, we discuss the role of Imam Ali (as) in solving problems related to social security such as murder, theft and rape.

But in the third chapter, we have examined the role of Imam Ali (AS) in solving problems related to the moral dimension and sexual perversions such as adultery, sodomy and lesbianism, as well as problems of exhumation and defamation. Chapter 4 deals with social problems related to the family, such as inheritance, problems between spouses, divorce and its causes.

 The same chapter also mentions the role of Imam Ali in solving those problems, research results, suggestions and list of sources.

One of the most important results that the researcher has achieved is that Imam Ali (AS) has a significant role in solving the problems that arose after the death of the Holy Prophet and due to the development of Islamic society, acceptance of other nations and change in social structure and composition.

 His role was indirectly by advising the caliphs in Medina or directly by judging during their caliphate in Kufa; We also found that Imam Ali (AS) had a guiding and reforming role in most of the problems and in some cases, such as moral problems such as sodomy, sahaq and exhumation, he dealt decisively.