The Role of Referring in the Adhering of the Text In the Speeches of Imam Hasan (s.a.)

Research in textual linguistics requires us to define some terms and concepts. As the concepts of consistency and harmony, and one of the most prominent means of grammatical consistency is the referral that works to link the paragraphs of the text, and therefore, Referring is regarded one of the text’s holding together; it is indeed a moral relation existed between specified terms which can be concluded by other terms, and it refers to things or linguistic and non-linguistic attitudes, and the reader can recognize it through the context and the referred terms which meaning can be taken by the writer or the speaker who bears the terms as an indication to discover the function of referring. In other words, the referring is represented in returning a specified element (in the text) to another element in order to interpret and explain it by its tools such as pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, relative pronouns and comparison tools. This research aims to show the importance of referring and its role in achieving the adhering of the text in the speeches of Imam Hasan (s.a.), according to the descriptive and analytic method, then we shall refer to the results we got like the existence of many referring elements in His speeches which played important role in assisting the reader to understand those speeches perfectly. The pronouns here are used so much in major places as referring tools, the matter which made His speeches adhered together specially through using demonstrative and relative pronouns. Those who contemplate the speeches of Imam Hasan (s.a.) shall notice that the referring tools have made the text so adhered and beyond obscurity and dispersal.