The significance of the context for Allama Tabatabai and Al-Fakhr Al-Razi in the verse of the state (a comparative study)

The Shiite theologians and their interpreters adhered to the 55th verse of Surat Al-Ma’idah- which is known as the verse of Wilayat – to prove the Imamate of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, in its meaning in their view. This is rooted in narrations regarding “reasons for revelation” following the verse which show Imam Ali’s virtue and honor in giving charity while praying.
The opposing theologians and their commentators have tried to contradict this reasoning in several ways. Among them is Al-Fakhr Al-Razi, who mentioned a number of problems in his interpretation, among which are what the context of the verses requires. The Shiites have insisted on their views by responding to these problems; Among them is Allama al-Tabataba’i, who defied the problems in their generality, specifically what is related to the context.
The current research, by clarifying Al-Razi’s views and analyzing his oppositions first, then clarifying the views of Allameh about the verse, and his analysis of the words of the opponents, their problems, and his responses to them in a comparative manner, second.This study concludes that the interpreters take the context into account in their interpretations tp reveal the meanings of the verses. al-Tabatabai has extended the use of the significance of context in the interpretation in line with the nature of his approach – meaning the interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an -. And that the problem of the context for Al-Fakhr Al-Razzai is how the verses about this verse include the meaning of victory (and help) for wilayah, therefore the unity of the context requires that it has the same meaning in the verse of wilayah as well, and that the context of the verse requires this wilayah, this support, to be for all the believers. While Tabatabai, after responding to the meaning of victory for the verse and responding to Al-Razi’s problems in the context -by proving the multiplicity of the context first and prohibiting the meaning of victory for the previous verses as well- makes use of the narrations related to the verse to prove its is specific to Ali(a), and refutes Al-Razi’s critique. Then proves a meaning of “authority” for the verse, listing the internal context and other evidences as reasons. The most important thing that Tabatabai opposition regarding the meaning of the victory for the wilayah in the verse, is how the context of those verses would not support the content and the contracts taken in them, and how putting the prophet in a position of victory over the believers is not aligned with the excellent politeness of the Qur’an when it comes to the Prophet. al-Tabatabi’s most important use of internal context in defining the meaning of “authority” for wilaya, is the unity of the meaning of the wilayah regarding God and the Prophet and the intended believers and how they are not singled out by repeating the same word again. So it is proved from all the evidence that the verse requires a meaning above the meaning of the victory, and it shows the specificity and dignity of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, that distinguished him from the rest of the companions with a brilliant distinction that requires his entitlement to the leadership and the caliphate after the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family.