The rights of the ahle alketab in fiqhe almazaheb

The present dissertation seeks to explain the rights of the People of the Book in Islam from the point of view of jurisprudence and also to answer the most important doubts about this issue. The importance of this issue is not hidden from the experts due to the applicability of the topic, the scope of the audience and also the need of today’s generation for convincing and appropriate answers. The main purpose of this research is to answer the various questions in this context by correctly explaining the issue in Islamic injunctions and stating its principles in jurisprudence. In this regard, after reviewing the research background, in order to prevent repetition and avoid parallelism, the most important written sources (books, articles and dissertations) to achieve the above goal were examined.

In the first chapter, after a general look at the concepts related to the subject of the dissertation and explaining the lexical and idiomatic meaning; The most important rights of the People of the Book before and after Islam were established and explained in the early Islamic government as well as in the Qur’an. The second and third chapters are devoted to expressing the jurisprudential theories of different Islamic Denominations in this regard, and the commonalities and differences of the jurists of the Denominations are summarized. The results obtained are as follows: The founder of Islamic jurisprudence has explained and defined rights and duties for all human beings in jurisprudential orders. The People of the Book are among the special attention groups of Islamic jurists and in the Qur’an and jurisprudential books; His prophets, teachings and places of worship are placed next to Muslims. Even according to a group of commentators; Muslims and the People of the Book together in the Qur’an form a single divine nation. For the mutual obligations of Muslims and the People of the Book, Islam has specified a contract called Dhimma, according to which the parties are mutually obligated to perform their duties as well as legally. In this agreement, various judicial, economic, cultural and public rulings have been defined for the parties, and in many of these issues, there has been a consensus among the jurists, And there are some differences that have been mentioned in the third chapter, and in general, it can be said that the jurists of Islamic societies They have the same opinion on the subject of the People of the Book in many generalities and fundamental issue And unanimously believes in providing security of life and property; Also religious freedom; They are dealing fairly with their claims; However, due to the introduction of different and very minor rulings in these cases, there are differences between scholars in some of these rulings, such as purity, blood money, marriage, and so on.