The revolutions of southern Iraq in the second Abbasid era Causes, goals and consequences The Zinj revolution is a model

The current research aims to study the causes, goals and results of the revolutions in southern Iraq in the second Abbasid era, especially the Zanj revolution, where the researcher assumes that there is a suitable environment for the revolution exploited by Ali bin Muhammad, which is the deteriorating social, economic and cultural conditions that Zanj experienced in that period, government neglect and persecution for this segment. These slaves were to get around the owner of Zanj, who gave them freedom, prestige and money and rid them of the tragic situation in which they were living. Familiarity with the subject as well as the mechanism of conclusion to investigate the causes leading to the revolution, and one of the most important results of this revolution is that the owner of Zanj was able to win over thousands of Negroes to the mechanism and to form a strong and regular army through which he was able to control lands and large cities in southern Iraq, including the city of Basra, which was subjected to great destruction due to its occupation by the Zanj, killing and displacing many of its people, which made this revolution one of the fiercest The facade of the Abbasid state, which lasted for nearly fourteen years, and the Abbasid state almost fell, had it not been for the courage and wisdom of al-Muwaffaq, who was able to eliminate this revolution.