Translation of four select essays from The Blackwell companion to Judaism

This thesis consist of translation of four essays chosen from “The Blackwell Companion to Judaism”. The essays deal with intellectual and thelogical evolutions in the new age. We can delineate a kind of evolution circuit from the Reform Judaism to the movement of the new age.Reform Judaism was in fact a reaction against the relevant challenges in the Enlightment ,that naturally faced with other reaction such as The Orthodox and The Conservative.The reacation of Orthodox process was in fact emphasis on consummate legitimacy Bible &Talmud but we can reckon the theological reaction and beliefs relevant to The Conservative process as a middle position of Orthodox and Reform process,ie we can reckon Conservatives more radical than Orthodox and more traditional than Reformers.In fact we can reckon The Conservative as akind of integration between the Reformation and Jewish Orthodox.