A survey of the social history of the Shiites of Kurdistan in the last one hundred years

The tolerance of the Kurdish people regarding the spread of different beliefs and religions in Kurdistan has turned this land into a safe place for the promotion and development of different religions and sects. The existence of different religions and rituals in Kurdistan, especially Iranian parts, is a sign of this tolerance that has distinguished the Kurds from their neighbors. Among the different religions in Kurdistan, the social role of Shiites in the history and culture of the Kurds in the last hundred years is more prominent than other religions. Therefore, in the present research, we will examine the “history and social culture of Kurdistan Shiites in the last hundred years” with a descriptive-research with an applied orientation and qualitative research method, in a library format, and using content analysis. This research is responsible for discovering the hidden layers and investigating the role of Shiites in the culture of Kurdistan. No independent work has been published about the review or analysis of the history of Shiism in Kurdistan. Although in some scientific works related to the field of Kurdish studies of Kurdistan, significant and valuable points about the Shiites of Kurdistan have been stated in the authors’ works and writings, but these points were not independent and comprehensive, or they were presented briefly. And they did not have a comprehensive look at the Shiites of Kurdistan and only dealt with political issues. Based on this, in this treatise, firstly, the effective factors in the formation of social history; such as race, religion, language, geographical situation, Kurdistan and continuing to the components of social history; For example, it deals with Shiite symbols and institutions such as call to prayer, prayers, mourning, holidays, migrations and displacements of Shiites. The results and achievements of the research are that; Qajar sultans, local Shia rulers who were trusted by the people of the city, as well as the settlement of famous Shia families from Isfahan and Kashan (which took place at the invitation of the local rulers and ensured their long-term and permanent residence by providing a suitable platform) and immigration. Non-Kurdish businessmen (Kashan, Isfahan, Hamedan, Yazd, Qazvin, Tabriz, Ardakan, Dezful, Shushtar) to the Kurdish areas who, with the help of their property, to carry out public works such as the construction of a mosque, Hosseiniyeh, bazaar, caravanserai and the construction of aqueducts and … also the interaction of Shiites with Sunnis with positivist philosophy has played a significant role in the social and cultural history of Kurdistan.