Theological anthropology in the narrative legacy of Imam Ali(as) with emphasis on Nahj al-Balaghah (measuring the thoughts of the Mu’tazilites and Ash’arites in light of the thoughts of the Prophet)

Theological issues related to humans are important matters that their design seems to be scientifically and necessary. In this essay, the most important topics of theological issues related to humanity, such as algebra and freedom, intercourse of the soul and body, duties and faculties, righteousness, magnanimity, guidance, and disorientation, have been recalled from the perspective of the three schools of Imamiyya, Mu’tazilites and Ash’arsm. In the Imamiyya section, we have raised the issue by relying on the votes of Imam Ali (PBUH), which is in agreement with the other Imams (PBUH), and, in comparison with the Mu’tazila and Ash’arism votes , the common points, the cases of differentiation and the weaknesses and shortcomings of the views of the two schools is reviewed. The method of research is documentary and library, and its purpose is to achieve the views of Imam Ali (as) on theological issues related to man in comparison with the votes of those two schools. Findings of the research show that the domain of human discourse is the most important verbal question of human. Despite the acceptance of divine providence, the Mu’tazila has emphasized the over-representation of men. As far as the Ash’arism are concerned with the theory of gain in this field, they have not been able to escape human determinism. But Imamiyya, by plotting the theory of Amr Bayn al-Amrayn, expressed the proportion of algebra and freedom in a rational and justified way.