JUDAISM IN THE ARABIAN PENINSULA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE MUSLIMS A SPECIFIC STUDY FROM 600 TO 800 AD

The Jews played an essential and effective role in the Arabian Peninsula، specifically in Yathrib، where they influenced and were influenced by the Islamic community during the time of the Messenger، may God bless him and his family، the four Caliphs and the Umayyad Caliphate until the end of the first Abbasid rule. And Muslims، and we show their various activities at all levels and their movements towards the prophetic call، as they inhabited the lands of the Arabian Peninsula for decades، and it is natural that they have daily activities and practices with their neighbors from the neighboring Arab tribes، where they inherited all the customs and traditions known to the Arab، such as their mastery of Arabic، and this helped them a lot in integrating And they wore Arab clothes and named their names and memorized poetry، but on the other hand، we see them taking control of the fertile agricultural lands near the water، that is، they controlled the city’s economy. Their negative and positive attitudes towards the Islamic community.

The methodology of the study is a historical methodology and at a descriptive level based on codifying chapters and chapters into stages through which we investigate the positions of the Jews regarding the prophetic call and the Islamic community from before the time of the Messenger Muhammad، may God bless him and grant him peace، to the end of the time period from the first Abbasid rule، through which we studied their religious، cultural and social relations economic and political at that time

Through the study، we reached the most important results، the most important of which is that most Jews were not happy with the new religion، but rather tried their best to tear it down and eliminate it before it intensified. The Arabian Peninsula، but they were able to find their place again in the time of the Abbasid Caliphate، where the policy of religious tolerance followed by the Caliphs played a role in opening the state to various subjects، as it helped the dhimmis، including the Jews، occupy sensitive positions in the Abbasid society and achieve social security and civilizational attainment..