Political Responsibility of the Executive Branch: A Comparative Study Between Iraq, Lebanon and Iran

There are basic duties in the state that are usually performed by three authorities, a legislature that specializes in law enforcement, an executive who oversees them, and finally a judicial authority who specializes in enforcing the provisions of that law. . The political responsibility of these officials is different, so the main question is what is the political responsibility of the executive in comparison with Iraq, Lebanon and Iran? To answer our basic question that political responsibility is the responsibility that each of the three authorities pursues. Regarding the focus of our research, the political responsibility of the executive in Iraq, Iran and Lebanon, where political responsibility is different from civil and civil liability. . Criminal liability in the constitutions of Iraq, Iran and Lebanon is not based on criminal offenses, but on fundamental and objective elements appreciated by the councils, which have a wide scope and can focus on anything done by ministers. Punishment in political responsibility is a political punishment and requires the resignation of the government or the responsible minister, while punishment in civil liability is compensation for the minister’s actions. Like any ordinary citizen, punishment is criminal responsibility. The offender is sentenced to imprisonment or a fine with his body or money. Looking at the countries studied in Iraq, Iran and Lebanon, we find that all of them have assumed political responsibility of the executive branch since the first constitution. And differences in this area and achieving balance are necessary. The researcher follows the method of comparative research, which shows the political responsibility of the executive officials of the regimes of Iraq, Iran and Lebanon, as well as the analytical method, because the subject depends mainly on the texts of the constitution that regulate the subject. Political responsibility as well as relevant legal texts. In order to answer the problem, the research was divided into three chapters, the first of which dealt with the concepts of political responsibility and the executive branch, and the second chapter included the basic structures of the presidency and the third chapter. It includes the president’s accountability to the federal court and accountability procedures in the Iraqi, Iranian, and Lebanese systems.