Political amnesty in the Fatimid era

The strength of the Fatimid caliphs stemmed from their ability to benefit from the capabilities of all members of society at the time, and they were not satisfied with loyal to their principles, but their policy was flexible in dealing, which allowed the Fatimid state to extend the period of its caliphate for nearly two centuries, i.e. the years (567-358AH). Ten Caliphs followed her rule, the first of whom was Al-Mu’izz li-Din Allah, the period of his rule only in Egypt, the last years of his rule, which are between (362 – 365AH), and the last of them was the one who supported the religion of God (555 – 567AH). The Fatimid caliphs managed During which he took control, despite the difficult circumstances that Egypt experienced, such as external dangers, greed of neighboring countries, and internal strife, not to mention the ongoing conflict between them and the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, which was one of the motives of the Fatimid caliphs to change their headquarters from Morocco to Egypt and build a city Cairo has a year (358 AH), so the policy of the Fatimids took the character of severity and cruelty at times, and mercy and forgiveness at other times. Both policies had motives, as the policy of political amnesty pursued by the Fatimid state during the period of its rule that extended between the years (567 – 358 AH) had many dimensions, including positive ones, the most important of which is spreading security and stability and restoring the course of life in Egypt after it entered the period of turmoil and political chaos in the time of the Ikhshidids, and thus control of the affairs of the state and the organization of all its institutions. There are also negatives associated with the policy of amnesty and forgiveness, and through this study will shed light on some of the cases of amnesty that had positive responses to the Egyptian society and the Fatimid state and some of the positions of amnesty that were negatively reflected in that period of Egypt’s history under the Fatimid state. The method of amnesty with state officials in particular and with the subjects in general, especially political pardon from it has negative effects as well as positive effects, and these negative effects are reflected on the general situation in the country, as they are negatively reflected on the weakness or strength of the caliphate, and the duration of the rule and influence of the Fatimid caliphs. Therefore, studying the negative aspects of the forgiveness approach that most of the Fatimid caliphs followed is one of the good images in the history of this Islamic state that ruled one of the most important parts of the Islamic world in general.