The Husseini mourning in the era of the Buyids and the Fatimids A comparative study

     The study  titled  “Husseini mourning in Buyid  and  Fatimid eras , a comparative study”  has  aimed to   investigate  the developments of  Husseini mourning in the era of the Buyid and Fatimid ,  which represents the second period  after the year 329 of the Hijrah. In these two eras , the mourning  was  changed remarkably and developed  greatly.  There  have been many developments that we will identify in details and compare mourning  between these two eras in terms of similarities and differences and the positives and negatives occurred. We shed light on this information to reach important  results and a historical nature that historians may not have reached in this field.  The Husseini mourning has continued from the incident of al-Taff  (  refer to the land of Karbala and the day of Ashura)  to this day. But ,  since  opponents   of  the   Shia  and imams (Ahl-al-Bayt )   had    been in power , the mourning remained secret and hidden ,except in some times when the Shiites ruled some cities and  the Husseini mourning was held more broadly as it was held  in the era of the Buyid and the Fatimid, and continued in public later in some periods of time.  Among the most important objectives of the research from the historical point of view, we find that the history of Hussaini mourning during the rule of the Buyid and the Fatimid was distinguished in terms of its establishment and its wide dissemination.  After studying  the main historical books, we reached accurate and important information that may contribute to the enrichment and development of the Husseini mourning.  It   can be  said  that Buyid  ND  Fatimid   governments  set  a  good   example   for   the  Shiite   in  establishing   and  spreading   the  Husseini mourning.   Husseini mourning   had been   held   in   two   ways in   Buyid and   Fatimid   eras. The Husseini   mourning   in  every  geographical area was the result of regional cultures and in most cases cannot be compared.