Iraqis in the Umayyad Thought

The subject of this study is to clarify and know the viewpoint of the Umayyads from rulers and governors in relation to the Iraqis from the people of Kufa, Basra, Wasit and other Iraqi states, And clarify the Umayyad ideological, political and administrative positions towards the Iraqis, especially the Shiite Iraqis, The Iraqis went through a difficult stage during the Umayyad rule (41-132 AH) because of their arbitrary and unjust policy towards the Iraqis loyal to the family of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace. They worked to follow all the twisted ways to establish their rule and authority, so they supported some ideological sects at the expense of others. The approach that I relied on in this study is the descriptive, analytical, historical approach in explaining accidents and facts to reach the correct results. The topic was discussed with reference to the most reliable historical sources that dealt with the Umayyad state and the advanced Iraqis first, and then other sources, The chapters of the thesis were interconnected, and a delegation reached several conclusions, the most important of which are:

After the departure of the Prophet Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, they split into several sects and creeds, some of whom believed in the caliphate of Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, and some of them accepted the caliphate of Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman.

The Kharijites are the basis for the emergence of the rest of the other sects, as many sects and those with jurisprudential opinions have split from them. The beginning of political divisions was in the war of the camel in the year 36 AH with the people of Basra and the division that followed in the war of Siffin 37 AH.

And after the division of the Kharijites and their war with Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, in the year 38 AH, And the fighting of the Levantines with Imam Hassan, peace be upon him, and the Shiite movements and revolutions that followed against the Umayyad rule.

The racist administrative policy of the Umayyads and their hatred of the Iraqis and the loyalists helped to erupt the revolutions against them and thus to the demise of their rule at the hands of the Abbasids in the year 132 AH.