Investigation of the meaning and semantic changes of the words Al-Sama and Al-Arz in the Arabic language and interpretation books

“Al-Sama” and “Al-Arz” are two words that have a special meaning in the Arabic language. These two words are widely used in the Arabic language and the Holy Quran. These two words in the Holy Quran have a special application that the commentators have mentioned in their explanations and interpretations. Arabs have used these two words in a special way; many meanings have been specific to each of them throughout history. Based on the presented division of lexical sources into lexicons، Gharib al-Qur’an and Gharib al-Hadith books and definitions، it can be seen that these books refer to the meaning of “sky” as follows: sky، height، height، roof، cloud، rain، and the back of a horse. The word “earth” also has the following meanings in these books: earth، the bottom of an object، cold، staying in a place، human knees and animal’s hoof. There is a general agreement and similarity between the meanings of the above two words in all the mentioned sources. In recent centuries، some figurative and exemplary meanings have been added to the meanings of these two words. These meanings can be seen in the commentary books، Gharib al-Qur’an، Gharib al-Hadith، and Mofardat، more than in other lexical cultures. It can be seen in recent sources and commentary that “Al-Ariz” is used as the name of a region or a city or a country or. There are some rhetorical meanings in both words. These meanings are found in the books of commentary and Gharib al-Qur’an more than in other sources. In general، these two words are widely used in the Arabic language and are considered among the words that are used in many meanings.