National and international protection of cultural heritage during armed conflict, an analytical study in Iraq

We are not talking about heritage in general today, and this is because of its great importance, and what implies this importance is the loss of any work or its destruction and its absence as a great irreparable damage to the country that had that ancient work. It can be said that it is irreplaceable and irreplaceable not only for that country but for all of humanity, because the heritage of any country is a link in a chain connected to the story of man from the beginning of his appearance on earth until now, and therefore The basis of some countries have tried to establish laws to protect cultural heritage and to impose deterrent punishments against heritage thieves and those who manipulate heritage or destroy them in armed conflict and stone them. In addition, he has tried to discover and protect ancient heritages and civilizations and to try to register them, and he has also tried to introduce them and acquaint citizens and people with them. And among these punishments that exist in the law, is the punishment that the law of inheritance Iraqi Culture No. 59 in 1936, which includes Articles 55 to 64, which include deterrent punishment, as well as the Revolutionary Command Assembly (dissolved) in Decision No. 76 dated 6/29/1994. It has registered the greatest protection of heritage because it has prevented the smuggling or expulsion of them from the land of Iraq and has imposed the death penalty on anyone who wants to take the ancient piece out of the country, and the principle of protection and protection of national heritage in The current Iraqi Penal Code states that (they are not allowed to enter or occupy it). In addition, the current Iraqi Heritage Law No. 55 of 2002 stipulates in Article 3 (paragraph 1) that (some of them prohibit the entry and possession of heritage except in accordance with the provisions of this law) and its implementation Any action that leads to an objective matter or agreement is illegal, and the protection of cultural heritage has been manifested nationally in legal, executive and judicial forms, and cultural heritage has national protection, which is supported by international organizations for the protection of heritage and efforts. The region is emerging, as well as international treaties and treaties that play an important role in this regard, since the establishment of the United Nations Scientific, Cultural and Educational Organization and its efforts. It has always been focused on protecting different types and varieties of cultural heritage. These international organizations have committed themselves to enforcing a set of international laws aimed at providing protection for world heritage sites that have been invaded or destroyed, as well as matters such as theft, looting, unregulated excavation, and exports. It is also illegal, it should be said that contracts are the agreements that governments make between themselves to establish an international legal link to determine the laws that are related to these matters, as the agreements that have been made. There is a lot about the protection of cultural heritage and public and public property, and in this study we examined these issues independently so that it can be said that each of them is like a part of a large body that complements each other.