Islamic civilization in the Islamic East and Andalusia Mental sciences as a model, a comparative study

Islamic civilization in the Islamic East and Andalusia reached an advanced and high level of scientific knowledge, and it became a destination for students of science, writers and intellectuals. Where the scholars of the Islamic East and Andalusia, with their various religions and languages contributed to the progress reached by that civilization. The Islamic civilization in the Islamic East benefited from other civilizations, as it was the beginning of the scientific revolution through translators who transferred the discoveries and achievements of other civilizations in various fields. As the Islamic civilization quoted medicine from the Persians, Indians and Greece. However, medicine among the Muslim Arabs was not limited to transmission and translation, but they added to it scientific innovations in anatomy, surgery, ophthalmology, and others, for the role played by the Muslim caliphs, especially the caliphs of the Abbasid era, in encouraging scientists, which led to raising the level of medical science. Pharmacology was one of the sciences that Muslims invented, as they made it an experimental science based on observation, study and experiment. Muslims were interested in astronomy, as they translated the works of the Greeks, Persians and Indians, and distinguished themselves from others, drawing maps of celestial bodies, extracting means of determining locations, correcting the errors of the ancients, and setting up astronomical observatories in various parts of the country. In mathematics, Muslims took the numbering system and its symbols from the Indians. Muhammad ibn Musa al‏-‏Khwarizmi is the first to write a book on algebra, which became a fundamental source in the foundations of this science. The Arabs are credited with transforming algebra and applying it to geometry. The Islamic civilization had a clear impact on the science of chemistry, as Jabir ibn Hayyan laid the scientific basis for modern chemistry. In the field of philosophy, Muslims were influenced by Greek philosophy, but they were not satisfied with transferring their philosophy to Arabic, but rather they studied and explained it and explained the mysterious from it. One of the sciences that the Muslim Arabs paid great attention to was geography, where the need for geographical knowledge began, because the Islamic state extended its territory over large areas of the earth, and the works of geographical travels constituted one of the important sources of geographical information. Then successive trips to a number of areas from the east and west of Ghalam. The Islamic civilization in Andalusia has provided geniuses in all fields of science, mentality and humanity. The credit for the scientific renaissance in Andalusia is due to Islam, which urged learning and providing what is beneficial to humanity, as well as supporting and encouraging the rulers of Andalusia. The Andalusians approached the path of scientific journeys, and after receiving knowledge from the sheikhs and scholars of the Islamic East, they would travel to their homeland to broadcast what they had reached of knowledge and knowledge. The scientific trips of the Andalusians resulted in extensive knowledge and abundant knowledge, and they carried with them books translated into Arabic from the ancient Persian, Greek and Indian civilizations, and there was a reverse migration of scientists in the Orient towards Andalusia, bringing with them a huge wealth of science.