The Constitutional Organization of the Rights of Non-Citizens in Iraq: A Comparative Study With the Lebanese and Algerian Constitutions

Legislations of different countries differ regarding the constitutional organization of the rights of non-citizens, and it follows that the patriot enjoys some advantages and rights, and is subject to many duties, and non-citizens do not enjoy those rights and privileges, as well as they do not abide by those duties, and this difference varies in extent from one state to another. In the subject of our research, that is why every country sets the legal rules that apply to non-citizens when they enter and leave its territory, although there are different considerations that affect the state’s policy in the matter of regulating the rights of non-citizens, and these considerations are either security, economic, social or political. These considerations differ from one country to another. The state may be strict with a group of non-citizens for certain reasons, and tolerate another group, but it must not abstain from the entry of non-citizens into its territory, absolutely, because this is considered a violation of the provisions of international law, and therefore it is It has the right to set certain conditions to regulate the entry and stay of non-citizens on its lands and their exit from it, in order to maintain the security and safety of its nationals. In the event that they commit a violation on its territory, and accordingly, non-nationals are bound by a set of legal rules that the state puts in place if they want to enter its territory. Hence the main question arises: What is the constitutional organization of the rights of non-citizens in Iraq, Lebanon and Algeria? The Iraqi, Lebanese and Algerian legislators have regulated the rights of non-citizens, in accordance with international human rights charters and conventions. This obligated them to some duties, and this is in line with what was decided by international custom, of recognizing the minimum rights granted to non-citizens, and that the abuse of that right exposes the state to international responsibility, and the state can impose on them some necessary restrictions that are consistent with political, security, and economic considerations. , and social. The current research has adopted the comparative legal approach, and one of the findings of the research is that non-citizens enjoy a minimum level of rights within the territory of the state. Countries are affected by a number of security, political, economic and social considerations