The expressive images in the poetry of Mohammad Najm Al-Waili

This thesis has been written with the aim of investigating the topic of expressive images in the poetry of the contemporary poet, Najm Al-Waeli. Due to the specificity of the new poem, this research has gone beyond some expressive issues, which are investigated in the science of rhetoric, and investigated what is obvious in the ode, such as the analytical writing form of the vertical ode, and the technical tools used by the poet, including punctuation marks that give additional meanings to the meaning of the text and enrich its rhetorical analysis. This research includes four poetry collections by this poet, which we have described in the introduction. This thesis is divided into three parts: the first part is devoted to similes; and the similes that the poet has used extensively in his poems, especially similes that are made with simile tools and have an effective role in description and illustration, have been investigated because the poet explores the images by using the literary heritage and referring to the codes and other methods that make the image richer. In the chapter on metaphor, the texts that overlap between simile and metaphor have been examined because these two topics are based on the interest in similarity and cannot be separated, or in the expressive image, it is not possible to separate similes and metaphorical combinations, which are linked together. Therefore, the images of this poet’s poetry are accompanied by implications that include political and social issues, as well as internal and conscience issues. In this thesis, we have dedicated a chapter to irony, code, and types of metaphor, and we have examined texts that are mixed with irony and code together, because these two are placed in the same container, i.e., ironic codes, and become intertwined texts that reduce words and expand meanings. Sometimes the poetic texts of this poet are clear and in such a way that they avoid the difficulty of interpretation and often express the bitter reality of the world of the poet and his country’s unbalanced political and social situation. These Diwans represent the stages of the years that Iraq has gone through, and in these years, the pain, bitterness, and deterioration of the reality that surrounds Iraqi society, which are recorded in the Diwan of his poems, and they reveal many metaphorical concepts that have enriched the poet’s rhetorical achievement with numerous images and meanings.