The social environment of Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the light of the reasons for the revelation of the Meccan verses

The study aims to explain and describe the social environment of Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the light of the reasons for the revelation of the Meccan verses. The social environment indicated by the holy verses, which we are trying to study in a way that can show the amount of cultural and environmental diversity that differs from any other holy city. And getting to know the social environment of Makkah helps us to get to know its culture before Islam and its change after Islam, and so on to get to know the stages of culture change. What is the social environment of Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the light of the reasons for the revelation of the Meccan verses? This is the main question that we are about to answer in this Quranic scientific study. The approach that we use to describe the social environment and reach the objectives of the study is library typography to collect data and information, and then descriptive-analytical and interpretive for analysis and interpretation. The limits of the research are the Meccan surahs and verses that tell about the social environment and its elements and components, i.e. the beliefs, values, customs and traditions that exist in the culture and social environment of Mecca before Islam and the beginning of Islam. Its importance lies in the importance of Makkah itself, that it is the place for revelation and revelation, that the chosen Prophet is from it, and that it is the center of Islamic culture that enlightened the whole world. The thesis includes four chapters: the first is about colleges and concepts, the second is about complexities and values ​​that affect the social environment of Makkah Al-Mukarramah, and the third is about customs and traditions that affect the environment.. And we reached the important results, including: that among the most prominent pre-Islamic beliefs is associating partners with God, slandering God, attributing the companion and the children to God, and not believing in the messengers and prophets, especially the honorable Prophet, may God bless him and his family, and that the Messenger must be an angel, or there must be an angel with him to carry out the message. And about the resurrection, there is absolute doubt, hesitation, and denial, and this is how about the Holy Qur’an that it is magic and the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, is a magician, and that he came with the legends of the ancients, and that the Qur’an is the saying of humans, the poet, and the madman, and the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, is the poet and the madman. The values ​​present in the environment of Mecca are adultery, murder, theft, infanticide, disrespect for orphans and eating their money, pride and what is permissible with money, and pride in reproduction. Such strange and bad habits that exist in the environment are arguing with the people of truth, preventing them from praying and following the truth and the messengers, playing with religion and harming them, mocking the messengers, requesting illogical and supernatural not for faith but to incapacitate the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, according to their claim, and faith and false oaths and attributing their polytheism to God Almighty and lust for worship. And the traditions that are reprehensible in the environment of Makkah are the sacrifice to the idols, making the share in the crops and the offspring of the idols and the partners, killing their boys, killing the girls, and not fulfilling the measure and the balance.