A Study of the Social and Cultural Situation of Kufa in the Second Century AH

The purpose of this research is to identify the social and cultural status of the Kufi community and to draw a picture of its social reality in the second century AH. In the first chapter, this research deals with the city of Kufa and its establishment, and in the second chapter, it deals with the national, religious and sectarian components of Kufa. In the third chapter, we dealt with the social structure of the Kufi community, consisting of institutions such as tribe, family, oath (covenant), and “Wala” (under protection). Finally, in forth chapter, we look at the cultural life in Kufa, which is reflected in social values, customs and ethics.

To achieve the purpose of this study, a descriptive method was used. Because this study examines some important axes of social history, such as the family, which in addition to the tribe and dependence of “Mawali” on it, played a role in depicting social reality as the core of society. This study also deals with the cultural aspect of sociology, along with a set of social values, customs and ethics in Kufa society in the second century AH.

In conclusion of the research, we reached the results, the most important of which is the diversity of the Kufi community in the second century AH; They were composed of ethnic, religious and sectarian groups, so that this diversity had a great impact on their political, social and economic situation. In addition to the fact that Kufa was a predominantly religious city at the time, this was reflected in some of the deep-rooted social values in Kufa society; Such as kindness to parents, respect for elders, and its appearance in many customs, such as the etiquette of gatherings, celebrations and meetings, and the moral characteristics of the community of Kufa in terms of good morals, etc., which is due to These are the factors that have played a role in shaping the social face of Kufa, and “Mawali” has played a prominent role in it.

This research suggests conducting historical studies and researches on the impact of ethnic and sectarian differences on the stability of Islamic cities during the second century AH.