The Constitutional Framework for Modern Solidarity Rights: a Comparative Study Between the Iraqi Constitution in 2005, the Egyptian Constitution in 2014, and Switzerland in 1999

There is a great interest in human rights that does not arise out of a vacuum, but is the result of forms of human rights violations by states, as well as political and constitutional crises. In addition to the stability that characterizes today’s world, stop working on local laws that ensure these rights are protected. This has led to the thought of recognizing the universality of these rights as a very important topic. international level. Recognition of human rights formally emerges only through contemporary international instruments and documents, notably the 1945 United Nations Charter and the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which are seen as aiming to protect individuals and groups and guarantee human rights. In the context of the development of the field of human rights, there have been many doctrinal attempts to classify its field, as political rights and civil rights represent the first generation, as they were enacted in the eighteenth century AD and formed the French, while economic, social and cultural rights represent the second generation, it has set the context of the revolution Great in the nineteenth century AD under the influence of socialist ideas. As for the rights of the third generation, this is the subject of our research. It reflects attempts to introduce a human dimension in the field of human rights, especially the right to live in a healthy environment and the right to sustainable development. The problem of our study is what is the constitutional framework for solidarity rights in the Iraqi constitution, the Egyptian constitution and the Swiss constitution, and it was the first time In the middle of the twentieth century, the protection of human rights became a global issue. At that time, there was a great war between the nations of the whole world. This war lasted from 1939 until 1945 and was called World War II. World War II is one of the bloodiest wars in history. 50 to 60 million people died. During the war, the Nazis were in power in Germany. According to the Nazis, the value of all human beings was not the same, and the researcher relied on the descriptive-analytical approach to the subject of the study, and from the results of the study we reached is human rights, including the right to solidarity, which is a set of rights and freedoms established and protected by international and regional agreements for all and for everyone An individual. From the moment of recognition of his existence as a living being until the time and place after his death, states are obligated to recognize, guarantee and protect their territories, and the international responsibility of states that have violated this damage on their territory is for this reason. Purpose Before establishing international and regional mechanisms and international conventions related to criminal responsibility to regulate them, identify the perpetrators of these violations, as well as ensure compensation for victims.