The role of religion, and jurisprudence in the formation and leadership of the contemporary history movements

To speak of the uprisings and revolutions involves the consideration of their backgrounds. Generally speaking, uprisings can be found in the center of societies rather than on their periphery. Usually, any uprising requires legitimizing factors so that it could succeed to achieve its objectives; and the legitimacy of uprising is an unavoidable fact. A revolutionary is always preoccupied with these questions; and if he finds no clear answers to these questions, one could expect that revolutionaries would lose their spirit and the uprising would gradually fail to achieve its objectives. In the other respect, one can expect foreign countries to support the uprising if in addition to the convincing reasons for the uprising, there are legitimizing factors for the uprising from the viewpoint of others so that this can lead those who are not involves in the uprising to support it. Thus, it goes without saying that legitimacy is one of the essentials of an uprising.
Thus, one can assess the legitimacy in a society by the criteria of that society, and identify the legitimizing factors according to these criteria. It goes without saying that although the social, ethnic, political, etc. legitimizing factors can be used in an uprising, the role of religion as the
most important factor in the formation and management of the uprisings can never be denied. The important point is that those uprisings which were under effective and centralized leadership had been successful. In fact one can say that leadership has been successful in those uprisings, in which religion has played a major role and the leader has enjoyed a religious status. In different uprisings, the religious leader may make use of religious sources for the management of the uprising. The religious sources can be used to advertise the slogans of an uprising. The more prominent the role of religion in an uprising the more spirited the uprising becomes. And this is one of the major issues, which will be discussed. As regards the uprising, a religious leader plays key role in providing the content, since it is the religious or spiritual leader who is a link between an uprising and the religious sources; this is a way of legitimizing the uprising.  222 If the religious sources, which a religious leader uses, are capable of managing an uprising and if they are rich in content, one can expect that the uprising is a perfectly religious one. However, one can consider the old and new uprisings in the Middle east and the Arab countries: from the tobacco uprising against Nasser al-Din Shah and Mashrooteh Constitutional Revolution, which was led by the clerics down to the Iranian Revolution by Al-Sayyid Ruh Al l ah Al – Musawi Al-Imam Al-Khumayn