“Laws of Espionage from the point of views of Islamic Sects”

Research about new subjects in Humanities is one of the important necessities of researchers of this field.  Espionage of the privacy of individuals is one the fundamental themes in political Fiqh. This thesis including four parts aims at expressing the frame of Espionage, the reason for its forbidding, being useful for Legislative, familiarizing the managers with subject, frames and frontiers of it and familiarizing the society with prevention of it that being forgotten. The writer has analyzed and studied the term “Espionage” (Tajassos) and also explained the concept of two terms “Espionage” and “Spying” and introduced the privacy. Basically there are reasons in Islam that indicates Espionage is forbidden, therefore in the second part of the thesis, Espionage is studied from the point of views of both Imamieh Fiqh and Sunnis’ and basics of its being forbidden is proved. Moreover along with drawing conclusion, laws of Espionage in Sunni denominations are compared. But there are reasons based on wisdom and life of the Prophet and Imams that Espionage is permitted in some conditions such as protecting Islam sovereignty and the security of social system. In contention of reasons of protecting Islam sovereignty and forbidding of Espionage, the more important law is taken. In all of the cases, permission is requisite and is like eating carrion. In the third part, the writer has addressed expressing some of the exceptions with regard to the reasons. Finally in the fourth part, attributes of spy, dubious thing in Espionage, results of the discussion and its benefits has been studied.