“The Theory of “Alawite Shiism and Safavid Shiism” by Dr. Ali Shariati; A Report and criticism”

Alawite and Safavid Shi’ism “, a theory that was presented by Dr. Ali Shariati during the 1960s in Hosseiniyeh Ershad, and raised debates, critiques and even tensions. This theory was developed and published under the supervision of him in 1351 in the form of a book with the same title. Now, after nearly five decades, beyond the level of attachment, the type of valuation, and positive criticism brought to this and other Shariati opinions, one cannot ignore a fact; this theory and some other indigenous social ideas in one hundred the last year is an important part of the intellectual heritage, collective memory and the scientific tradition of religious studies in Iran. Tradition is a treasure that its neglect or graceful acceptance prevents our society and thinkers from an effective and cumbersome thinking. Our intellectual tradition requires a grateful and, critical, return. The book Alawite Shi’a and the Safavid Shi’ite in an analytical method comparing the true Shi’a representing the thought and practice of the Shiite Imams with the center of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is with another type of Shi’ism Which, according to the author, is the Safavid representative and the manifest manifestation of it. The author, by defining and explaining this dualism of Shiism and drawing of each criterion, regardless of the historical point of view of the Safavid, believes that these two types of Shi’ism are normally present in any era, although its full appearance dates back to the Safavid era. He evaluates certain beliefs about: infallibility, will, wilayat, imamate, taqiyah, absenteeism, intercession, ijtihad, prayer and imitation in both types of thought. In this theory, these two types of Shi’ism are studied and compared in both areas of thought and action. In this thesis, we will report on this famous viewpoint of Dr. Shariati. The present study consists of two main sections; the first part is to present a detailed and structured report of the content of the book, and the second part of the analysis and review of this content.