Pathology of Contemporary Studies of Ashura (From the 1st Pahlavi to Islamic Revolution (1927-1979)

The event of Ashura, due to its political and religious importance, has always been the center of attention for various intellectual and social groups in the previous eras including the history of Iran in the Pahlavi era, whether religious and irreligious traditional thinkers, religious and irreligious intellectuals and hence divergent studies, have remained from it. The multidimensional nature of Ashura Uprising and keen interest in commemorating the divine, spiritual status of Imam Hussain (PBUH) and his being oppressed and refining certain beliefs from the surviving works, have caused to appear various studies especially in this period. Due to the variety in the principles and method, these trends in dealing with the event of Ashura and founding it on reason, historical tradition, theological and doctrinal hypotheses, Ashura writing continuation in the Qajar era and emphasis on the social analyses of Ashura, gradually provided a ground for the outbreak of various traditional and analytical losses for the following studies. Accordingly, due to carelessness in the originality of the document or text and citing a weak historical report or source, prevalence of the hypotheses on the studies and distancing from the historical method and carelessness in utilizing reason to single out the traditions, these studies suffered from  textual, documental and analytical losses. The ramification of these losses has been the outbreak of superstitions and fake traditions in the history writing of Ashura and Ashura writing with the bases of social and political sciences. Bases on this, some of the Shiite educated man sought to repulse and remove these losses and reread and refine the traditions of this event in the past eras which sometimes led to discord in the religious factions. The main issue of this study is to survey the very losses in the Studies of Ashura in Pahlavi era and relying on the cognitive factors or processes and scientific measures, we try to deal with explaining the analytical and textual contradictions which caused the aberrances and disorderliness and or weakness in the nature or approach to these studies.