Development of The Tragic concept in Nahj al-Balagheh

This thesis trying to define the nature of “The tragic” and to explore the possibility of development this concept and seeks to gain a new reading of the increasing suffering of the world. This study uses a qualitative research method of “text interpretation” with a comparative approach. The main question of this study is: How can we develop the concept of “The Tragic” with the principles outlined in Nahj al-Balagha? How Ali’s ^(PBUH) suffering is justified and how it can be analyzed. Explanations and analyzes are based on the distinction between the concept of “the tragic” as an independent and distinct element of tragedy and through this, the development of this concept in the religious paradigm has been explored from the perspective of Nahj al-Balaghah. In order to achieve this purpose, first the contexts of “The tragic” realization, then its components and finally its effects and results in Nahj al-Balaghah have been explored. The results of the research show that human descent, affliction, fate and destiny, limitation and lack of awareness are the main reasons for the realization of ” The tragic”. As authority, misery, necessity, learning, proportionality to human capacity, martyrdom and sublime death, constitute the conceptual components of “The tragic”. Finally, the actualization of talents, the strengthening of faith and contentment, punishment, awakening, salvation, and prosperity are considered “The tragic” effects and consequences; Which in the Greek sense of “The tragic”, does not have such effects on it. . Another part of The results of the research show that The Tragic notion can be semantically developed with regard to causes, components, and effects.These components can be traced back to Ali’s ^(PBUH) thought. because there is evidence in Ali’s life that he has endured the suffering of life and experienced the “tragic” in the sense of painful disaster and disaster. Events such as the death of the Prophet, the usurpation of Fadak, the invasion of the house and the abuse of his wife, the compulsion to swear by the sword, the usurpation of the guardianship, the loss of his spouse indicate this tragic suffering. Not only has he had a tragic experience in his life, he is also a tragic hero. Based on these experiences, it can be said that the concept of “The tragic” is beyond «catastrophe» in its literal sense, every human being in her life may experience it.