Role of Scientists and Shia Authority in Maintaining the Religious, Political and Economic Life of Iran in Nasseri Era (1313 – 1264 AH)

The role of religious scientists (Ulama) and Shia authority, in compliance to their duty, has always been guiding and leading the Islamic society in period of Absence of Imam Mahdi in line with Islamic commands and religious doctrine. The clients referring to the Ulama are the majority of people from all kinds, groups or clans in every city or town, because the Ulama are the guardians of Shia sect and religious guardianship. The outstanding and Jihadi role of Shia scientists, as the commanders and warriors in the battlefield of the goodness against evil in the present world has been and still is highly important and significant. The Qajar kings period, particularly the Naseri age (reign of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar) in Iran, can be considered as an important era, where the Shia scientists had a remarkable influence on religious, political and economic events, evolutions and domains and we can say that the most outstanding role had been the role of them to which, unfortunately, it has been dealt less, and they are mentioned statistically and just for their nature, merely within the some written lines. Putting emphasis on library resources and descriptive – analytic approach, and with a personality and subjective concentration on influential Ulama and with due observance of the events order, the written in this research deals with historical events and consecution of their actions in Naseri period, and intends to clarify the manner of action of Ulama and Shai authority in maintaining the religious, political and economic life during a course of fifty years of reign of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1264 – 1312 AH) in Iran. Although, this research encountered some issues such as finding solid resources, we have tried to mentioned the quotations and findings together with a scientific and logical analysis.Furthermore, in this research we will cover review and analysis of the social role of religious scientists against arrogance of the Qajar governors and preventions from invasion of two Russian and British governments and their extortion and asking for privileges from the north and south of Iran, up to their special job in creation of tranquility and unity of Islamic nation with a slogan of “The Shia will not accept the cruelty and force of governmental tyrants and foreign colonizers”. We will analysis the command of Shia authority which survived Iran from a fifty-year hegemony of Britain namely the Reggie concession and the Reuter concession seventy-year hegemony. It was a wise act of intuitive and time-aware authority which terrified the Qajar government to obey the Islamic commands and it was the influences of actions of the Ulama in this period which were followed by legitimate constitutional government, fall of Pahlavi reign and emergence of Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1978. Eventually, the goal of this research is enlightenment and making the audiences particularly the young generation familiar with the role of Shia scientists and authority in maintaining the religious inheritances so that the today’s generation be aware of the conspiracy of domestic and foreign enemies more cautiously and to make efforts in accompanying the religion’s leader in maintaining the Shai territory.